Radio (Final Fantasy XV)

Keep your ears open. These broadcasts may help us understand what’s going on outside.
Ignis Scientia in Chapter 13 Verse 2

The player can listen various radio broadcasts in Final Fantasy XV. Radios are found in outposts and commonly found in restaurants. Which broadcasts play depends on the chapter the player is in. When there are no new broadcasts to be heard when the party is at Lucis, the radio plays adverts instead.

The radio broadcasts shed light to what is happening in the rest of the world during Noctis and his friends' travels. Some radio broadcasts play automatically as part of the story, such as the broadcast at the end of Chapter 1. The player cannot listen to radio broadcasts on the car audio otherwise.

List of radios on the open world[]

Location	Image
Hammerhead Takka's Pit Stop Counter by the window
Longwythe Rest Area Crow's Nest Diner
Galdin Quay On a barrel on the beach Near to tables
Prairie Outpost Behind the communications building
Coernix Station - Alstor Crow's Nest Diner
Wiz Chocobo Post Entrance On a barrel next to the water pump
Cauthess Rest Area Crow's Nest Diner
Taelpar Rest Area Crow's Nest Diner
Coernix Station - Cauthess Street food vendor Table
Daurell Spring
Lestallum Street food vendors Up the stairs from the lookout spot and main street
Lestallum Fountain Near to the hotel
Burbost Souvenir Emporium Inside the shop
Old Lestallum Original Crow's Nest Diner
Cape Caem Hideout kitchen
Verinas Mart - Ravatogh Behind the gas pump
Meldacio Hunter HQ Inside general store
Vesperpool The Vesperpool - East Bank Tackle shop
Altissia Maagho Behind the drinks machine

Other radios are also found in the later chapters that are unrevisitable. Ignis Scientia has a radio next to him on the train, but the player can't listen to it. Later on, Ignis talks about what he's heard of the long night's advancement on the radio. There are also radios in the dorm rooms within Zegnautus Keep.

List of radio broadcasts[]

Chapter 1[]

Newscaster: Now, the question on everyone's minds: who is Prince Noctis? His hardened features belie a gentle demeanor. He's a kind soul who loves animals and nature. Former schoolmates describe him as well-mannered and well-groomed, noting he graduated top of their class. Word has it he takes time from his princely duties to do community service.

What a fine young man!

Newscaster: Earlier, His Majesty King Regis addressed the kingdom on the matter of the peace treaty.

Regis: Some among you may regard the terms of this peace with apprehension. You may wonder if your king has forsaken his people, when it is for their very sake I have acted. The lands of Leide, Duscae, and Cleigne shall be ceded to imperial governance, granting us assurance... ...that the people of these regions will be spared any further bloodshed on account of this war. Life will go on, and all will continue to know liberty and prosperity.

Newscaster: An appeal for understanding and support from His Majesty ahead of the signing ceremony. While there is no denying that the impending treaty has been met with a modicum of resistance in the outlands, on the whole, the Lucian populace welcomes the coming peace.

Newscaster: Emperor Iedolas Aldercapt completed his scheduled tour of the Crown City ahead of the treaty signing ceremony. Although the precise date of the signing has yet to be unveiled, preparations are already well under way. Government officials say they will issue an announcement regarding the ceremony in the coming days.

Newscaster: For our next story: Lady Lunafreya of Tenebrae has issued an official statement regarding the forthcoming treaty.

Lunafreya: Words cannot express the joy in my heart on receiving word of this coming peace. Nor the pride I take in my betrothal playing a part in this historic moment. On this joyous occasion, some have voiced cause for concern: The fear that I will be unable to fulfill my duties as Oracle. Please rest assured, my marriage will not stand in the way of my calling. You will find me in your towns and villages, as you always have. And I shall continue to bless you all.

Newscaster: Lady Lunafreya will set forth from Tenebrae for her wedding ceremony in the coming days. Please be advised that, during this time alone, her duties as Oracle will be suspended.

Newscaster: The dress is being produced by none other than Vivienne Westwood, Altissia's premier designer. First-rate chefs from around the world have assembled in Altissia to cater the wedding. The team is crafting a menu rich with delicacies, including caviar fresh from the Baia di Celluna. Flowers have also been flown in to fill the bouquet Lady Lunafreya will carry as she walks down the aisle.

Personality: Today's guest is no stranger to our program: renowned biological researcher Sania Yeagre!

Sania Yeagre: Hey, there! I'm takin' on a serious topic this time around: "monster mutation."

Personality: What sort of "mutation"?

Sania Yeagre: Well, recently we’ve observed several specimens not quite a chip off the old species, if you catch my drift. These abnormally strong creatures exhibit violent tendencies—you'll know if you find one. Just hope it doesn't find you first. They're a handful even for our hunters, so steer clear.

Newscaster: As to ceasefire discussions between the two nations, all provisional terms have been suspended in light of recent developments. Moreover, in the wake of the news of King Regis's death, we've now received word that Crown Prince Noctis and the Oracle Lunafreya have also been pronounced dead.

Chapter 2[]

Newscaster: No one has yet been able to grasp the extent of the damage, but what can you tell us about the situation in the city?

Commentator: Occasional outbursts still occur around the Citadel, but the imperial forces have successfully quelled most sources of unrest.

Newscaster: Nevertheless, the streets bear the scars of war.

Commentator: Reports have now surfaced that Lucis was itself arming for an offensive, ahead of their clash. This battle may be remembered as the most violent in history.

Newscaster: Across the land, sylleblossoms from Tenebrae can be seen displayed in memorial. With no remains to mourn, throngs have gathered in Altissia to pay their respects, many offering prayers at a vigil held before the wedding dress Lady Lunafreya was to wear. While some hold out hope the Oracle still lives, a grim silence continues to linger.

Lunafreya: Though I am still young, my blood is true. As my mother before me, I'll work to bring peace to one and all.

Narration: That marked the ascension of the youngest Oracle in history.

Interviewer: Is it hard giving blessings?

Lunafreya: It would be selfish of me to complain of my burden, when so many suffer in wait. I hope they trust I will not rest until they all know solace.

Narration: The world watched on with worry and wonder as the young girl grew.

Interviewer: I understand you have a message for us?

Lunafreya: If you know of any who are bedridden, or unable to come to me... Pray, send word, and I...shall go to them. I follow my calling. I will not halt my steps for anything else.

Narration: In time, her strength would become an inspiration to all.

Interviewer: What is your opinion of the treaty?

Lunafreya: When war has ended, so too will suffering subside. The treaty is a momentous step towards a brighter future. Let there be no doubt: we walk the path of true peace.

Newscaster: You've issued an advisory to all travelers.

Dave: That we did. We're askin' everyone to keep indoors come nightfall. If you do need to be out past dark, you'll wanna make sure there's a hunter by your side. And that includes night drivin'. Rollin' up your windows ain't gonna keep you safe for one second.

Newscaster: We'd like to instruct our listeners in need of protection to dial Hunter Headquarters directly.

Newscaster: So those out on the road at dusk should seek refuge at a...at a haven?

Dave: No doubt that’s yer best bet right there. Although the Oracle may have left us—may she rest in peace—the havens are holdin' strong. Just like they did all durin' those four years after Lady Sylva passed away, and before Lady Lunafreya took up the reins. And just in case, we’ve got hunters patrollin' the havens and makin' sure they're safe, so don't you worry.

Newscaster: Growing seismic activity has shaken Duscae of late. A number of tremors, which locals refer to as "Titan's Snoring," have been recorded in the region. While the area has always been earthquake prone, the recent spike in frequency and intensity has given rise to concerns. The imperial army is currently surveying the Disc of Cauthess, believed to be the epicenter. Be advised, the area will remain closed off until further notice.

Chapter 3[]

Newscaster: In the wake of Lady Lunafreya's passing, thousands have flocked to Fenestala Manor in Tenebrae to pay their respects. Pilgrims have spared no expense, traveling from afar by boat and train. Many expected a eulogy courtesy of Lord Ravus, Lady Lunafreya's brother and last of the Oracle's line. But Lord Ravus has avoided the view of the public eye since the bloodshed at the signing ceremony, causing many to worry about his well-being.

Newscaster: Lord Ravus Nox Fleuret was recently appointed imperial high commander. However, due to grievous wounds sustained in the Citadel, he has been recalled to Niflheim for treatment. Citizens are assured he will resume peacekeeping efforts in Lucis once recovered.

Newscaster: Monster Watch: Trouble is afoot south of Alstor Slough, with locals reporting another wild behemoth sighting. The beast, known as "Deadeye" due to the scarring on his right pupil, was sighted laying waste to fields neighboring Wiz Chocobo Post late last night, before taking refuge in the nearby Nebulawood.

Newscaster: Deadeye is dead: Duscae's farmers are celebrating the demise of the infamous behemoth who terrorized the region. The predator's insatiable appetite led it to wreak havoc on farms and ravage crops. This hunt followed several unsuccessful attempts by bands of hunters to put an end to the menace. The repeated failures had begun to create a crisis of confidence among beleaguered residents. But it was a different story as the Hunters reported the beast felled by a team of four of their finest. No damage was done to the surrounding area.

Chapter 4[]

Activating the Listen prompt at Cauthess Coernix Station upon the radio triggers a cutscene of Lunafreya healing people. The radio broadcast is the same that could be heard in Chapter 2 of Lunafreya elaborating on her duties as Oracle.

Chapter 5[]

Newscaster: High Commander Ravus Nox Fleuret issued the following statement regarding the imperial blockades across the region:

Ravus: We believe the insurgents behind the Citadel attack have taken refuge in Duscae. The blockades shall help us root out the criminals. I realize the inconvenience imposed upon the citizenry, but we must each do our part for the good of all.

Newscaster: The high commander also stressed the imperial army would continue its recovery efforts in the Crown City.

Newscaster: The frequent quakes which rocked the Duscae and Cleigne regions in recent days have finally quieted. In response, the empire provided the following comment:

Ravus: The cause of the tremors was the Archaean, who had awakened in a fit of rage. The imperial army took swift action and laid the unruly giant to rest, thus averting disaster.

Newscaster: Eyewitness reports confirm Titan has disappeared from the Disc of Cauthess.

Newscaster: In response to concerns among Cleigne locals over the sudden disappearance of the Meteor from the Disc of Cauthess, Lestallum-based EXINERIS has released a statement assuring continued power supply in all regions. However, due to unstable terrain, investigations of the former Meteor site have stalled, and it may take some tie before the truth is brought to light.

Navigator: One look out your window's all you need—the rain's comin' down with no sign of stoppin'. First came tremors, and now it's thunderbolts and lightning. If I didn't know better, I'd say the gods were out to get us! Until someone can offer a better explanation, I'm sticking with that. Let's just hope the thunder god doesn't hold a grudge for long. Speaking of grudges, let's move on to Letters from Our Listeners!

Newscaster: Now for a traffic update:; Imperial blockades continue to impede highway travel. In addition to the north, a new roadblock has been set up along the mountain route in southern Duscae. Interregional travel is now more restricted than ever, with no view as to when normalcy will return.

Newscaster: The empire has pledged to help repatriate all Crown City refugees who fled amid the chaos at the Citadel. Though the army continues their search for those reported missing, thus far, no leads have been found. Citizens with information are urged to come forward.

Newscaster: Thunder rings throughout Duscae as showers continue to drench the region. Meteorologists are at a loss as to what caused the sudden surge of storm clouds. The imperial army may be feeling a bit "under the weather," as border enforcement efforts have recently grown quiet.

Personality: C'mon now—it's not every day a mountain gets up and moves. I'm just thankful the empire was there to make sure no civilians were hurt. Still, you can't help but wonder what happened. The Oracle alone might've known...

Personality: Today's topic is: Things That Make You Say "Hmmmm." Here's what our first listener had to say: "Callin' Kenny" asks: "Is it me, or is the sun setting really early lately?" What? How is that even possible? This better not be true, or I am just gonna lose it. I can't take being cooped up indoors any longer than I am now!

Newscaster: At long last imperial blockades of Duscaen roadways have been removed. The imperial army has also demolished all related facilities erected around the region. The provisional government of Insomnia anticipates increased traffic congestion along most local highways, and encourages all citizens to refrain from any unnecessary travel for the time being.

Chapter 6[]

Newscaster: Breaking news from Accordo: First Secretary Camelia Claustra spoke at a press conference earlier... ..announcing that Lady Lunafreya is currently in the custody of Altissian officials.

Camelia: I can confirm we have Lady Lunafreya in our care. The people of Accordo, saddened by the rumors of the Oracle's passing, can breathe a collective sigh of relief. Though she is weary from her trials, I am happy to report she is well.

Newscaster: Citing safety concerns during the Lucian peace talks, Secretary Claustra stressed the need for pragmatism in negotiating the Oracle's repatriation.

Newscaster: A new development has surfaced in the story of the raid on Aracheole Stronghold. The army has reportedly seized four male suspects in Lestallum and transferred them to the empire for further questioning. Pressed about rumors of the reportedly deceased Lucian crown prince's involvement in the attack, an imperial spokesperson passed them off as absurd.

Newscaster: So you mean the high commander's left arm is completely artificial?

Commentator: Yes, that's what "prosthetic" means. I assume he had it made while undergoing treatment back in the empire. It seems they imbued the arm with magitek, the same technology they use to power their entire nation—technology they appropriated from an ancient civilization. The point is that the arm's not just for show—it packs a pretty punch, pardon the pun.

Newscaster: High Commander Fleuret departed Lestallum this morning, having completed his tour of the Lucian continent. Occupation forces will nevertheless remain in Lucis, defending imperial garrisons. The imperial army pledges to ensure the safety of Lucian citizens via strict regulation of interregional travel.

Navigator: Good news for all of you Duscae locals depressed by these downpours: They're done! Mr. Golden Sun is back in town now that the atmospheric anomaly has abated. And if my previous theory about the rain holds any water, that means our friend the thunder god has probably taken a nap. We've endured earthquakes and storms—what could be next? If you ask this supernatural speculator: the flood!

Newscaster: I must admit, I'm rather unfamiliar with the Hydraean outside of what I've read about her in the Cosmogony.

Commentator: Well, that’s something we have in common. She's been asleep for years. No one alive has ever seen her. But, given the Archaean's awakening, it's not beyond reason that the sea goddess could follow suit. And if she does, o-ho look out—the legends tell of a wrathful spirit with no love for mankind.

Newscaster: Altissia could be in for a disaster on the order of what we saw at the Disc.

Newscaster: The high commander insisted that the late King Regis gifted him with the glaive as a gesture of goodwill before the signing, denying claims it was taken as a spoil of war afterward. With armistice talks tabled indefinitely, suspicions of the high commander run high, many alleging he pilfered the blade after the king was slain. But official media deems this version of events to be false.

Chapter 7[]

There are no new radio broadcasts in this chapter.

Chapter 8[]

Newscaster: In the wake of the recent raid on the empire's own Fort Vaullerey situated right here in Cleigne, Caligo Ulldor, commander of the Lucis Garrison's Fifth Division, was released yesterday from an imperial hospital after receiving medical treatment. As of this morning, the commander has returned to Lucis and resumed his duties.

Newscaster: Reports have surfaced suggesting the "dead" may indeed walk among us. Crown Prince Noctis was believed to have perished in the terrorist attack on the Citadel. There have, however, been reports that the prince had departed the Crown City ahead of time and was not present on the day of the ceremony. Moreover, eyewitness accounts of the prince riding in the late king's car in Lucis have fueled hope for the anti-imperial factions.

Newscaster: The imperial army has released a statement regarding its involvement in a recent civilian murder in Lestallum. According to the explanation provided by the army's official correspondent, on the morning of the incident, an imperial commander was patrolling the area outside the Leville Hotel. A Lucian man assaulted him from behind. The assailant would not desist, forcing the commander to wield his weapon in self-defense.

Newscaster: The recent daemon outbreak in Lestallum has been officially put to rest. Generators inside the EXINERIS power plant incurred damages, pulling them offline temporarily. Today, the corporation formally announced that repairs were complete and all generators were back up. Even as inspections were conducted, unaffected generators continued to supply power to the grid, and thus far, there have been no reports of outages resulting from the incident.

Newscaster: In other news, the recent thunderstorms have precipitated some unexpected consequences in Duscae. The stones sealing off Fociaugh Hollow, at the region's center, have collapsed due to the heavy rainfall. The Hunters wasted no time investigating the newly opened cavern, and already they report daemon sightings. Locals are urged to keep away from the cavern at night.

Newscaster: In today's Monster Watch update, the zu roosting atop the Rock of Ravatogh has flown the coop. Eyewitness accounts report the gargantuan bird has been taking flight with an increasing frequency while exhibiting erratic behavior. Some allege the zu even unleashed an intimidating screech, atypical of such a gentle creature. Biologists are baffled, yet some suspect the recent rains and seismic phenomena as possible causes for the zu's change in temperament.

Personality: Next up, "Eyes of EXINERIS" asks, "How come High Commander Fleuret's got a fake arm?" Our listeners always ask the tough questions—but we've got the answers! It all stems from an injury at the signing ceremony. The arm itself was created with state-of-the-art technology—the same kind the empire uses in their magitek infantry. Speaking of which, did you know those troopers aren't human? It turns out every one of them is an empty, soulless robot!

Adverts[]

Newscaster: It's your vacation. Why settle for anything less than the absolute best in comfort at the Leville? Enjoy five-star service and make your next getaway unforgettable. Call us to reserve your slice of paradise. Level up your life at the Leville Hotel.

Newscaster: We are EXINERIS. For generations, we have supported the livelihood of the people of Lestallum, and will continue to provide power for generations to come. EXINERIS Industries, where the light of hope shines ever bright.

Newscaster: You dream of driving the open road, but what drives you? Passion. Power. Coernix Oil. Stop by your local Coernix Station and ask for Coernix Oil.

Newscaster: Looking for super seafood? Look no further than Mother of Pearl in Galdin Quay. The ferry may be out of service, but the head chef assures me the fishing boats still haul in their daily catch. Why sail to Altissia when freshness is a short drive away? Head chef, Coctura Arlund, let me sample a few dishes, and it's true: fresh fish makes for fine eats!

Newscaster: Meldacio Hunter HQ would like to remind you that, in these troubled times, all of us must stand together to protect one another. We do battle with danger to defend the world we live in. Won't you lend us a hand? Drop in to see us at Hunter HQ, or contact your local hunter for more information.

Kenny Crow: CAW, kids, it's Kenny Crow! Come on down to the Crow's Nest for a mouthful of happiness! Fly down to the original Nest in Old Lestallum for a real treat! Nothin' tastes better than what we make together at the Crow's Nest!

Chapter 9[]

Newscaster: The government issued a statement promising that the reasons behind awakening the Hydraean would be clarified in the ceremonial address. Delivering the address will be Lady Lunafreya, who was previously reported dead. This will mark her first public appearance since the violence that befell the signing ceremony.

Newscaster: Niflheim's military has mobilized an enormous inbound fleet, preparing a number of imperial dreadnoughts for departure. Chancellor Izunia and High Commander Fleuret recently met with First Secretary Claustra in Altissia, but there is no clear indication of any ties between the talks and the deployment. Lady Lunafreya will deliver her address as scheduled.

Newscaster: Altissian officials are hard at work on reopening the altar of the slumbering sea goddess. Access to the area around the shrine is currently restricted to government personnel only. The Piazza Yureil will also be closed to the public ahead of Lady Lunafreya's address. Officials will be sealing off the plaza to secure the area and ensure the safety of all in attendance.

Newscaster: Designer Vivienne Westwood is saying "yes" to the dress once again. In celebration of Lady Lunafreya's return, the boutique will maintain its exhibition of her bridal gown. Originally, the shop displayed the dress in memory of the signing ceremony tragedy at the Citadel. However, the exhibit has been extended indefinitely thanks to unprecedented worldwide popular demand, devotees gathering from far and wide.

Chapter 10[]

Newscaster: High Commander Fleuret has been deemed accountable for Altissia's tragedy and sentenced to execution. Lord Ravus Nox Fleuret was promoted to the imperial army's top post amid the turmoil of the failed peace talks. The high commander's primary responsibility was restoring stability to Lucis. Yet his campaign against the Hydraean ended in disaster, incurring monumental losses for the empire... ...and collateral damage to the area.

Newscaster: In the wake of the Tidemother's wrath, the government of Accordo has declared a state of national emergency.

Camelia: On behalf of the nation, I would like to express our relief that King Noctis has survived. The towering waves that swept over Altissia left great destruction in their wake. It will take time to rebuild our lives. That said, the damage done to our fair capital would have been far more severe were it not for the aid of the king and the Oracle.

Newscaster: First Secretary Claustra also pledged the government would continue its search for Lady Lunafreya, whose current whereabouts remain unknown.

Chapter 11[]

There are no radio broadcasts in this chapter.

Chapter 12[]

Navigator: You're saying the Hunters are on high alert?

Dave: That's right, what with all them scholarly folks talkin' 'bout the nights growin' longer. They been lookin' into this for awhile, and they ain't once recorded a day with more sunlight than the last. Ain't no tellin' when night'll fall an' the daemons'll come out, so we recommend y'all take extra care.

Navigator: I shudder to think that if the nights keep growing longer, there may soon come a day that won't be day at all.

Navigator: So according to your research, Ms. Yeagre, this phenomenon of the nights growing longer is by no means a recent development.

Sania: Not at all! The change was just too subtle for anyone to notice 'til recently. It took three extra hours of darkness for people to panic, and now it's completely irregular. The other day, we got half an hour more night. Day's days are numbered, I tell ya.

Chapter 13[]

Dave: As of yesterday, we done opened the gates of Lestallum to any and all refugees. Don't matter where you come from—all ya'll are welcome. We're one people now. Y'all're in need of an escort, give us a holler at HQ and we'll dispatch a hunter right away. It's dangerous to go alone. I'd also like to take this opportunity to ask the people of Lestallum to embrace your fellow man and treat 'em with the respect we all deserve. Lestallum's the only light left. Darkness may have consumed the skies, but don't let it consume your hearts.

Newscaster: So you're saying anyone can become a hunter, regardless of where they're from or what they can do.

Ezma: Precisely. Right now, we need all the help we can get.

Newscaster: But I think a lot of our listeners are worried that "help" involves putting their own lives in danger.

Ezma: Simply reporting that danger to a senior hunter at HQ is good enough. We all work together as a team to keep the peace. We would never send new recruits on life-threatening missions. We start recruits off on small tasks, such as keeping watch over a neighborhood.

Newscaster: I'm sure our listeners will be relieved to hear that.

Newscaster: The research lab has been devoid of human life for several weeks. Daemons once kept in captivity have been sighted outside the compound, suggesting a security breach. An outbreak could have dire implications for Gralea's city center, and all communications with the facility are still down. Meanwhile, the imperial railway remains paralyzed, and services within Accordo suspended.

Chapter 13, Verse 2[]

Radio in Ch13 Verse 2 from FFXV — Radio in a corner of the main elevator room.

Newscaster: This is the Imperial Security Bureau. A situation has arisen in several research sectors. All civilians must relocate to their designated refuge stations immediately. Failure to evacuate will result in incarceration or other appropriate disciplinary procedures. This emergency broadcast will repeat until the situation has been resolved. The Imperial Security Bureau thanks you for your cooperation.

Newscaster: This is a status report from the Imperial Defense Force. The daemon outbreak stemming from several research facilities has been suppressed in most areas. Magitek infantry units have been deployed to remaining sectors. The situation is under control. For your safety, a temporary curfew is imposed on all areas. Your cooperation is required to ensure the security of yourself and other civilians.

Newscaster: This is the Imperial Security Bureau. A state of emergency has been declared, effective immediately. Movement out of and around the city is restricted at this time. All civilians must relocate to their designated refuge stations and await further instruction. Civilians who fail to comply with official bureau directives will be subject to incarceration or other appropriate disciplinary procedures. This emergency broadcast will repeat until the situation has been resolved. The Imperial Security Bureau thanks you for your cooperation.

Radio in dorm in Ch13 Verse 2 from FFXV — Radio in a dorm.

Imperial soldier: Calling all frequencies—hey. Hey! Is anybody out there? ...Anybody who hasn't turned yet? Anybody? This is—no, forget it. What does it matter? Only a matter of time until I turn just like everyone else did. He was right. "Ain't long until the empire falls—and when she does, it'll hit like a ton of bricks." Should've taken his advice and got out when I had the chance. Y'hear that, Callux? You were right. Go on—tell me, "I told you so." Sorry I won't be able to pick up my tab.

Behind the scenes[]

Radio in Maagho in FFXV — Radio as a background element.

There are two radio models in the game, the black small radios the player can listen to, and large wooden old-fashioned radios that are just for decoration, though Cor Leonis listens to the latter type during during Lunafreya's speech in Altissia.

A broadcast in Chapter 5 starts with "Today's topic is: Things That Make You Say 'Hmmmm.'" "Things That Make You Go Hmmm..." is a song by American dance group C+C Music Factory that was a success in the US and the UK in 1991.